The SpaceX Super Heavy Starship will be able to launch 100 tons into orbit in a fully reusable basis, but Elon Plans the follow up to be 4 to 8 times bigger. Elon tweeted that Starship Version 2.0 will be 18 meters in diameter instead of 9 meters. This would mean the area of the cross-section would be 4 times higher. If the height was also doubled then it would have 9 times the volume. The engines would likely be upgraded for the Ultra Heavy Starship 2.0. This means the next rocket might be able to launch over 1000 tons per launch.
This would be about twice the payload of the Sea Dragon. The Sea Dragon was a 1962 conceptualized design study for a two-stage sea-launched orbital super heavy-lift launch vehicle. The project was led by Robert Truax while working at Aerojet. It would have had a payload capacity of 550 tons. It would have been 150 meters tall and 23 meters in diameter. The SpaceX Super Heavy Starship 2.0 may also be limited on height.
Tovera Vashini on twitter notes that rocket height is limted by thrust per area. This could mean that SpaceX Super Heavy Starship 2.0 may also end up very near the Sea Dragon in capacity.
In 2016, SpaceX had a 12-meter diameter ITS rocket design. It was designed to launch 300 tons to orbit and with refueling could launch 450 tons to Mars.
The ITS was about double the volume of the current Starship Super Heavy but had 3 times the payload. If the 18-meter Starship 2.0 had similar scaling then it would have 9 times the payload of the Starship.
A 240-meter tall rocket would be as tall as the Woolworth building in New York and about 75% as tall as the Eiffel Tower and twice as tall as the Statue of Liberty.